4.結論

觀察到，十六烷基-3-甲基咪唑氯化銨（CET+[C10min][Cl]）和純[C10min][Cl]的混合體系中，西三胺的cmc值介于純[C10min][Cl]和CET之間。在混合體系中，cmc值隨著[C10min][Cl]摩爾分數(shù)的增加而增加，證實其形成膠束的趨勢小于純表面活性劑分子。cmc值也隨著溶液中DEG體積百分比的增加而增加，這是由于隨著溶劑極性的降低，表面活性劑的疏溶劑性降低。cmc b cmc*、βb 0和（f1和f2）b 1的觀察值清楚地表明了混合物的非理想行為，并且還表明混合膠束中CET和[C10min][Cl]分子之間存在比純組分更強的相互作用。純組分和混合物的ΔGm值均為負值，表明膠束形成是熱力學自發(fā)的。ΔGad 0的負值大于ΔGm0的負值表明，在空氣-溶液界面的吸附比在本體溶液中形成膠束更有利。由表面張力法計算的Γmax和Amin值對于確定表面活性劑分子在氣液界面的排列非常有用。Γmax值為我們提供了關于液/氣界面吸附效率的信息，該值隨著溶液中DEG體積百分比的增加而降低。DEG實際上在界面上與混合表面活性劑系統(tǒng)競爭，因此減少了其數(shù)量，從而降低了吸附效率。此外，P的值為b0。33，表明形成的膠束/混合膠束本質(zhì)上是球形的。從紫外-可見光譜可以得出結論，[C10min][Cl]與CET形成混合膠束，這從存在和不存在[C10min][Cl]時的cmc值可以清楚地看出。在cmc以下，大部分離子對形成，但一旦達到cmc，這些離子對就會轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閇C10min][Cl]/CET混合膠束和可溶性染料分子。

致謝

U.Farooq感謝UGC以BSR（基礎科學研究）的形式提供獎學金，N.A.Malik感謝化學系主任、伊斯蘭教理工大學（IIST）、Awantipora、普拉瑪、J＆K等提供必要的設施。

工具書類

[1]M.J.Earle,K.R.Seddon,Ionic liquids.Green solvents for the future,Pure Appl.Chem.72(2000)1391–1398.

[2]H.Weingartner,Understanding ionic liquids at the molecular level:facts,problems,and controversies,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.47(2008)654–670.

[3]T.Misono,H.Sakai,K.Sakai,M.Abe,T.Inoue,Surface adsorption and aggregate formation of nonionic surfactants in a room temperature ionic liquis,1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate(bmimPF6),J.Colloid Interface Sci.358(2011)527–533.

[4]S.Wang,J.Ma,Surface property of nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 in an ionic liquid,J.Dispers.Sci.Technol.30(2009)1395–1398.

[5]T.Inoue,H.Yamakawa,Micelle formation of nonionic surfactants in a room temperature ionic liquid,1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate:surfactant chain length dependence of the critical micelle concentration,J.Colloid Interface Sci.356(2011)798–802.

[6]Y.Gao,N.Li,S.Zhang,L.Zheng,X.Bai,L.Yu,Microestructures of micellar aggregation formed within 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium type ionic liquids,J.Phys.Chem.B 113(2009)123–130.

[7]A.Beyaz,W.S.Oh,V.P.Reddy,Ionic liquid as modulators of the critical micelle concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate,Colloids Surf.B:Biointerfaces 35(2004)119–124.

[8]K.Behera,S.Pandey,Concentration-dependent dual behavior of hydrophilic ionic liquid in changing properties of aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate,J.Phys.Chem.B 111(2007)13307–13315.

[9]K.Behera,S.Pandey,Ionic liquid induced changes in the properties of aqueous zwitterionic surfactant solution,Langmuir 24(2008)6462–6469.

[10]K.Behera,S.Pandey,Interaction between ionic liquid and zwitterionic surfactant:a comparative study of two ionic liquid with different anions,J.Colloid Interface Sci.331(2009)196–205.

[11]K.Behera,P.Dahiya,S.Pandey,Effect of added ionic liquid on aqueous Triton X-100 micelles,J.Colloid Interface Sci.307(2007)235–245.

[12]N.A.Smirnova,A.A.Vanin,E.A.Safonova,I.B.Pukinski,Y.A.Anufrikov,Self assembly in aqueous solutions of imidazolium ionic liquids and their mixtures with an anionic surfactant,J.Colloid Interface Sci.336(2009)793–802.

[13]R.Pramanik,S.Sarkar,C.Ghatak,V.G.Rao,S.Mandal,N.Sarkar,Effect of 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid on Triton X-100 aqueous micelles:solvent and rotational relaxation studies,J.Phys.Chem.B 115(2010)6957–6963.

[14]M.Yu,S.H.Wang,Y.R.Luo,Y.W.Han,X.Y.Li,B.J.Zhang,J.J.Wang,Effects of the 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ionic liquids on the antioxidant defense system of Daphnia magna,Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf.72(2009)1798–1804.

[15]M.Dong,L.Zhu,S.Zhu,J.Wang,J.Wang,H.Xie,Z.Du,Toxic effects of 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ionic liquid on the antioxidant enzyme system and DNA in zebrafish(Danio rerio)livers,Chemosphere 91(2013)1107–1112.

[16]J.Jodynis-Liebert,M.Nowicki,M.Murias,T.E.Adamska,M.Wertowska,M.Kujawska,H.Piotrowska,A.Konwerska,D.Ostalska-Nowicka,J.Juliusz Pernak,Cytotoxicity,acute and subchronic toxicity of ionic liquid,didecyldimethylammonium saccharinate,in rats,Regul.Toxicol.Pharmacol.57(2010)266–273.

[17]Cetrimonium bromide-Wikipedia,The free encyclopedia(en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cetrimonium-bromide).

[18]The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products:Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products,Westferry Circus,Canary Wharf,London E14 4HB,UK.

[19]P.M.Holland,D.N.Rubingh,Mixed surfactant systems–an overview,ACS Symp.Ser.501(1992)2–30.

[20]C.P.Ong,C.L.Ng,H.K.Lee,S.F.Y.Li,The use of mixed surfactants in micellar electrokinetic,chromatography,Electrophoresis 15(1994)1273–1275.

[21]P.M.Holland,D.N.Rubingh,Mixed surfactant systems–an overview,ACS Symp.Ser.501(1992)2–30.

[22]A.Shiloach,D.Blankschtein,Measurement and prediction of ionic/nonionic mixed micelle formation and growth,Langmuir 14(1998)7166–7182.

[23]G.Kume,M.Gallotti,G.Nunes,Review on anionic/cationic surfactant mixtures,J.Surfactant Deterg.11(2008)1–11.

[24]J.H.Clint,Micellization of mixed nonionic surface-active agents,J.Chem.Soc.,Faraday Trans.1 71(1975)1327–1334.

[25]P.M.Holland,D.N.Rubingh,Nonideal multicomponent mixed micelle model,J.Phys.Chem.87(1983)1984–1990.

[26]H.Olivier-Bourbigou,L.Magna,D.Morvan,Ionic liquids and catalysis:recent progress from knowledge to applications,Appl.Catal.A Gen.373(2010)1–56.

[27]P.A.Koya,Kabir-ud-din,Studies on the mixed micelles of alkyltrimethylammonium bromides and butanediyl-1,4-bis(alkyldimethylammonium bromide)dimeric surfactants in the presence and absence of ethylene glycol at different temperatures,J.Colloid Interface Sci.360(2011)175–181.

[28]R.Sanan,R.K.Mahajan,Effect of fatty acid chain of Tweens on the micellar behavior of dodecylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride,Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.50(2011)7319–7325.

[29]B.Hemmateenejad,A.Safavi,S.Dorostkar,Aggregation of imidazolium based ionic liquids in binary methanol–water solvents:a linear solvation free energy relationship study,J.Mol.Liq.160(2011)35–39.

[30]A.Ali,M.Ali,N.A.Malik,S.Uzair,U.Farooq,Polymeric chain dependent anomalous solvatochromism of ionic liquid+poly(ethylene glycol)mixtures,Fluid Phase Equilib.382(2014)31–41.

[31]Kabir-ud-Din,'P.A.Koya,Z.A.Khan,Conductometric studies of micellization of gemini surfactant pentamethylene-1,5-bis(tetradecyldimethylammonium bromide)in water and water–organic solvent mixed media,J.Colloid Interface Sci.342(2010)340–347.

[32]Kabir-ud-Din,P.A.Koya,Effects of solvent media and temperature on the self-aggregation of cationic dimeric surfactant 14?6?14,2Br?studied by conductometric and fluorescence techniques,Langmuir 26(2010)7905–7914.

[33]R.Palepu,H.Gharibi,D.M.Bloor,E.Wyn-Jones,Electrochemical studies associated with the micellization of cationic surfactants in aqueous mixtures of ethylene glycol and glycerol,Langmuir 9(1993)110–112.

[34]J.E.Lide,J.S.Zwolenik,R.M.Fuoss,Calibration of conductance cells at 25 03°C with aqueous solutions of potassium chloride,J.Am.Chem.Soc.81(1959)1557–1559.

[35]J.F.Padday,A.R.Pitt,R.M.Pashley,Menisci at a free liquid surface:surface tension from the maximum pull on a rod,J.Chem.Soc.,Faraday Trans.1 71(1975)1919–1931.

[36]J.A.Riddick,W.B.Bunger,T.K.Sakano,Organic Solvents:Physical Properties and Methods of Purification,4th ed.,Techniques of Chemistry,II,John Wiley and Sons,New York,USA,1986.

[37]A.Ali,N.A.Malik,U.Farooq,S.Tasneem,F.Nabi,Interaction of cetrimide with nonionic surfactants—Triton X-100 and Brij-35:a conductometric and tensiometric study,J.Surfactant Deterg.19(2016)527–542.

[38]A.Ali,U.Farooq,S.Uzair,R.Patel,Conductometric and tensiometric studies on the mixed micellar systems of surface-active ionic liquid and cationic surfactants in aqueous medium,J.Mol.Liq.223(2016)589–602.